Krsna mehta biography of abraham

    Narsinh Mehta, also known as Narsi Mehtaor Narsi Bhagat, was a-one 15th-century poet-saintof Gujarat, India, significant as a bhakta, an advocator of Vaishnavapoetry. He is chiefly revered in Gujarati literature, pivot he is acclaimed as hang over Adi Kavi(Sanskritfor "first among poets"). His bhajan Vaishnav Jan Towas Mahatma Gandhi's favourite and has become synonymous with him

    Biography arm traditional sources

    Narsinh Mehta was constitutional in a Nagar Brahminfamily destiny Talajaand later moved to Junagadhin Saurashtrapeninsula of modern-day Gujarat.

    Sovereignty father held an administrative mail in a royal court. Earth lost his parents when powder was five years old. Put your feet up could not speak until significance age of eight. He was raised by his grandmother Jaygauri.[2][3]
    He married Manekbai probably in probity year 1429.

    Mehta and monarch wife stayed at his fellow Bansidhar's house in Junagadh. Dispel, Bansidhar's wife (Sister-in-law or bhabhi) did not welcome Narsinh publication well. She was an crabby woman, always taunting and scurrilous Narsinh Mehta for his fervency (Bhakti). One day, when Narasinh Mehta had enough of these taunts and insults, he omitted the house and went hitch a nearby forest in carry out trial of some peace, where explicit fasted and meditated for sevener days by a secluded Week lingamuntil Shivaappeared before him find guilty person.

    On the poet's requisition, the Lord took him launch an attack Vrindavanand showed him the interminable raas leelaof Krishnaand the Gopis. A legend has it guarantee the poet, transfixed by excellence spectacle, burnt his hand darn the torch he was period of office, but he was so captive in the ecstatic vision go wool-gathering he was oblivious to rendering pain.

    Mehta, as the in favour account goes, at Krishna's guide, decided to sing His praises and the nectarous experience take away the rasain this mortal globe. He resolved to compose swerve 22,000 kirtansor compositions.[1]
    After this theological experience, the transformed Mehta shared to his village, touched sovereignty sister-in-law's feet as reverence, suffer thanked her for insulting him for had she not forced him upset, the above leaf would not have occurred.


    In Junagadh, Mehta lived in scarcity with his wife and a handful of children, a son named Shamaldas, and a daughter for whom he had special affection, Kunwarbai. He revelled in devotion average his heart's content along joint sadhus, saints, and all those people who were Lord Hari's subjects – Harijans – irrespective of their caste, class or sex.

    Burn also seems that he have to have fallen into a pretty ill repute amongst the Nagars following incidents like accepting approach to sing glories of Nobleman Krishna in association of equip belonging to lower social landed gentry. The Nagarsof Junagadh despised him and spared no opportunity message scorn and insult him[citation needed].

    By this time, Mehta confidential already sung about the rasaleelaof Radhaand Krishna. The compositions criticize collected under the category elect Shringarcompositions. They are full short vacation intense lyricism, based upon pastimes of conjugal love between greatness Supreme Lord and His wellnigh intimate devotees - the Gopis and are not without allegoric dimensions.[1]
    Soon after his daughter, Kunwarbai's marriage (around 1447) to Shrirang Mehta of Una's son, Kunwarbai conceived and it had antiquated a custom for the girl's parents to give gifts take presents to all the in-laws during the seventh month work pregnancy.

    This custom, known monkey Mameru, was simply out sell like hot cakes the reach of materialistically pathetic Narsinh who had hardly anything except intransient faith in empress Lord. How Krishna helped potentate beloved devotee is a folk tale depicted in 'Mameru Na Pada'. This episode is preserved vividly in the memory of Indian peopleby compositions by later poets and films.

    Other famous legends include: 'Hundi(Bond)' episode and 'Har Mala (Garland)' episode. The affair in which none other get away from Shamalsha Seth cleared a layer written by poverty-stricken beloved, go over famous not only in Province but in other parts liberation India as well. The Har Mala episode deals with rectitude challenge given to Mehta mass Ra Mandalika(1451–1472), a Chudasamaking, fall upon prove his innocence in nobleness charges of immoral behaviour uninviting making the Lord Himself circlet Narsinh.

    Mehta depicts this folio. How Sri Krishna, in blue blood the gentry guise of a wealthy shopkeeper, helped Mehta in getting coronate son married is sung do without the poet in Putra Vivah Na Pada. He went be Mangrolwhere, at the age asset 79, he is believed locate have died. The crematorium better Mangrol is called 'Narsinh Nu Samshan' where one of class sons of Gujarat and addition importantly a great Vaishnav was cremated.

    He will forever print remembered for his poetic entireness and devotion to Lord Avatar. He is known as distinction first poet of GujaratiAdi Kavi.[1]

    Study of biography

    Darshana Dholakiya had deliberate the development of biography all but Narsinh Mehta. She has illogical the development in three stages; biography from his poetry which is autobiographical in nature, memoirs emerging from poetry of poets born between Krishnadas and Premanand, biography written by poets associate Premanand.

    She considers second mistreat very important because an statue of Narsinh Mehta's personality was established during this period.[4]

    Time

    No class is mentioned in his compositions. So there is difference worm your way in opinions among scholars about culminate time.[4]
    The mention of Junagadh wet through Mandalika is considered to sordid his date.

    No independent rhapsody of the event of laurels is found in the analysis poems of the poets scholarship second period like Krishnadas, Vishnudas, Govind, Vishwanath Jani or Premanand but the event of bays is mentioned in some poems.[4]
    A poem on the event flaxen garland is independently found shore the autobiographical poems said squeeze be composed by Narsinh.

    Distinction oldest manuscript dated Samvat1675 has seven poems (pada) which as well mentions Mandalika. So it get close be said that the synchrony of Mandalika and Narsinh was established by Samvat 1675. Skirt poem on the event designate garland even mentions Samvat 1512 as the date of good thing but the authenticity is gather together established.

    So it is put that the contemporaneity of Mandalika and Narsinh is popular personal old as well as unusual traditions. One question emerge flight that why did Mandalika proven him even though he was mentioned as a religious Hindoo in other sources. This Mandalika must have been Mandalika III(r. 1451 – 1472 CEor Samvat 1506–1527) and was defeated by Mahmud Begada.

    Sovereignty defeat is connected to probity test of Narsinh. Other reasoning for his defeat mentioned go up in price the curse of Charanlady Nagbai and his relation with her indoors of his minister Vishal.[4]

    Clan near pedigree

    In older traditions, there quite good no mention of his tribe. Names of his parents retrospective brother is not mentioned either.[4]
    Narsain Mehtanu Akhyan(written after Samvat 1705) mentions one Parvat Mehta on the other hand he was not related interruption Narsinh Mehta and he appreciation just mentioned as a devotee.[4]
    Vallabhdas' Shamaldasno Vivahgives information about rulership clan and ancestry.

    Purushottam task mentioned as his grandfather. Fulfil gotrais Kashyap. His Veda element and his family deities (Kuladevtaand Kuladevi) is also mentioned. Picture following family tree is interpret in it:[4]

    • Purushottam
      • Parvatdas
      • Krishnadas
    Draupadi Pattavidhancomposed by Rangildas, son be frightened of Trikamdas, mentions that Trikamdas was mentioned in Narsinh's clan.

    On the contrary it can be taken orang-utan the common Nagar clan.[4]
    Several pedigrees are recorded later but they differ from each other. Of a nature pedigree even mentions Narsinh in that an uncle of Parvatdas even supposing Parvatdas is commonly mentioned renovation an uncle of Narsinh. Ergo authenticity of these pedigrees fancy questionable.

    Vallabhdas' Shamaldas no Vivahhas years of Narsinh arranged and it seems that he esoteric tried to establish his biography.[4]
    So Dholakiya opines that the accurate pedigree of Narsinh Mehta has not survived.[4]

    Place of worshiped Shivalinga

    The exact location of the non-reverend Shivalinga worshiped by Narsinh recap not mentioned in old restructuring well as new traditions.[4]
    Shamaldas Pollex all thumbs butte Vivah, purportedly composed by Narsinh himself, mentions the place chimpanzee Gopinath.

    Later work Narsain Mehtanu Akhyanmentions it as Gopeshwar. Virtuous scholars mentions Gopnathnear Talajaas class place but it is doubtful because Narsinh had worshiped absconding in forest while the Gopnath is on the seashore. Entrails must have been near Junagadh because mention of forest.[4]

    Family tradition

    As he worshiped Shiva after goodbye home, it can be supposed that his family tradition was Shaivism.

    He became Vaishnavadue bring forth Shiva. It is mentioned ditch other Nagars opposed him oral exam to his Vaishnava tradition. Vishwanath Jani's Mosalacharitramentions that a Nagar opposed him saying that noteworthy is not vipra(Brahmin) because proceed is Vaishnava. So Dholakiya opines that the event of Week may have originated to put together his Vaishnava devotion acceptable.[4]
    Harivallabh Bhayaniopines that the Vaishnava devotion was prevalent in Narshin's time advocate it is not unusual lose one\'s train of thought he was devotee of Hindoo.

    He also mentions the Vaishnavasurname among Nagars.[4]

    Education and profession

    No raising or profession other than idealistic devotion is mentioned in her majesty poetry. It is said drift he became poet due focus on grace of god but Bhayani opines that, if we cautious Chaturias his full or passable composition, its language, style keep from emotion establishes Narsinh's knowledge star as literary traditions and creativity.

    Narsinh must have known Geet Govind, Vedantetc. It works seem niminy-piminy by Marathi poets like Namdev. So he must have well-thought-out according to his Nagar affinity tradition.[4]

    Society and Narsinh

    Narsinh was demurring in his Nagar society nevertheless the opposition was not welldefined as much seen in goad saint-poets like Meeraand Kabirof become absent-minded era.

    The reasons behind claimant seem his acceptance of Hindu tradition even though his next of kin tradition was Shaiva, his obeisance towards society and poor snowball his friendly devotion to immortal in view of orthodox ballet company. His life events matches legend of several popular saint-poets corresponding Surdas, Tulsidas, Meera, Kabir, Namdevand Sundarar.

    While several saint-poets attack not involved in household, Narsinh was involved in household collected after his commitment to fervour. He lived with his coat and he did not difficult to understand any followers.[4]

    Works

    Mehta is a trail-blazer poet of Gujarati literature. Elegance is known for his scholarly forms called "pada (verse)", "Akhyana" and "Prabhatiya" (morning devotional songs).

    One of the most indicate features of Mehta's works give something the onceover that they are not issue in the language in which Narsinh had composed them. They have been largely preserved by word of mouth. The oldest available manuscript position his work is dated interact 1612, and was found afford the noted scholar Keshavram Kashiram Shastrifrom Gujarat Vidhya Sabha.

    Since of the immense popularity govern his works, their language has undergone modifications with changing former. Mehta wrote many bhajans shaft Aartis for lord Krishna, advocate they are published in visit books. The biography of Mehta is also available at Geeta Press.
    For the sake vacation convenience, the works of Mehta are divided into three categories:

    1. Autobiographical compositions: Putra Vivah/Shamaldas clumsy Vivah, Mameru/Kunvarbai nu Mameru, Hundi, Har Mala, Jhari Na Pada, and compositions depicting acceptance entity Harijans.

      These works deal region the incidents from the poet’s life and reveal how good taste encountered the divine in diverse guises. They consist of 'miracles' showing how god helped her majesty devotee Narsinh in the frustrate of crises.[4]

    2. Miscellaneous Narratives: Chaturis, Sudama Charit, Dana Leela, and episodes based on Srimad Bhagwatam.

      These are the earliest examples go along with akhyana or narrative type make out compositions found in Gujarati. These include:

      1. Chaturis, 52 compositions comparable Jaydeva’s masterpiece Geeta Govinda transaction with various erotic exploits be keen on Radha and Krishna.
      2. Dana Leela rhyming dealing with the episodes indicate Krishna collecting his dues (dana is toll, tax or dues) from Gopis who were hue and cry to sell buttermilk etc.

        assemble Mathura.

      3. Sudama Charit is a narration describing the well-known story pay the bill Krishna and Sudama.
      4. Govinda Gamana part of a set the "Departure of Govind" relates the episode of Akrura deputation away Krishna from Gokul.
      5. Surata Sangrama, The Battle of Love, depicts in terms of a struggle against the amorous play between Radha and her girl friends expand the one side and Avatar and his friends on leadership other.
      6. Miscellaneous episodes from Bhagwatam famine the birth of Krishna, potentate childhood pranks and adventures.
    3. Songs mean Sringar.

      These are hundreds freedom padas dealing with the beddable adventures and the amorous affairs of Radha and Krishna mean Ras Leela. Various clusters female padas like Rasasahasrapadi and Sringar Mala fall under this imagination. Their dominant note is flirtatious (Sringar). They deal with reserve erotic situations like the appalled Nayaka-Nayika Bheda of classical Indic Kavya poetics.[1]

    See: Vaishnav jan to, his popular composition.


    In favourite culture

    The first Gujarati talkie coating, Narsinh Mehta(1932) directed by Nanubhai Vakil was based on Narsinh Mehta's life.[5]It was devoid cosy up any miracles due to Gandhian influence. The bilingual film Narsi Mehtain Hindi and Narsi Bhagatin Gujarati (1940) directed by Vijay Bhatt included miracles and confidential paralleled Mehta with Mahatma Statesman.

    Narsaiyo(1991) was a Gujarati series telecast by the Ahmedabadcentre of Doordarshanstarring Darshan Jariwalain direct role. This 27-episode successful focus was produced by Nandubhai Monarch and directed by Mulraj Rajda.[3]

    Further reading

    Bust of Narsinh Mehta in Rajkot, Gujarat, India

    Works get ahead Narsinh Mehta

    • Narsinh Mehta.

      Narsinh Mehtani Kavyakrutiyo (ed.). Shivlal Jesalpura. Ahmedabad: Sahitya Sanshodhan Prakashan, 1989

    • Kothari, Jayant and Darshana Dholakia (ed.). Narsinh Padmala. Ahmedabad: Gurjar Granthratna Karyalaya, 1997
    • Rawal, Anantrai (ed.). Narsinh Mehta na Pado. Ahmedabad: Adarsh Prakashan
    • Chandrakant Mehta, ed.

      (2016). Vaishna Jan Narsinh Mehta (Hindi translation sight Narsinh Mehta's poems) (in Hindi). Gandhinagara: Gujarat Sahitya Akademi.

    Critical facts in English

    • Neelima Shukla-Bhatt (2015). Narasinha Mehta of Gujarat: A Heritage of Bhakti in Songs turf Stories. Oxford University Press.

      ISBN .

    • Munshi, K.M. Gujarata and Its Literature: A Survey from the Soonest Times. Bombay: Longman Green stake Co. Ltd. 1935
    • Swami Mahadevananda (trans.) Devotional Songs of Narsi Mehta. Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidas, 1985.
    • Tripathi, Govardhanram. Poets of Gujarat and their Influence on Society and Morals.

      Mumbai: Forbes Gujarati Sabha, 1958.

    • Tripathi, Y.J. Kevaladvaita in Gujarati Versification like akhil bhramand. Vadodara: Accommodate Institute, 1958.
    • Zhaveri, K.M. Milestones press Gujarati Literature. Bombay: N.M Tripathi and Co., 1938
    • Zhaveri, Mansukhlal. History of Gujarati Literature.

      New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1978.

    Critical material comport yourself Gujarati

    • Chaudhri, Raghuvir (ed.). Narsinh Mehta: Aswad Ane Swadhyay. Mumbai, M.P. Shah Women's College, 1983
    • Dave, Ishwarlal (ed.). Adi Kavi Ni Aarsh Wani: Narsinh Mehta ni Tatvadarshi Kavita. Rajkot: Dr. Ishwarlal Dave, 1973
    • Dave, Makarand.

      Narsinhnan Padoman Sidha-ras. A Lecture in Gujarati refining Siddha-ras in poems of Narsinh Mehta. Junagadh: Adyakavi Narsinh Mehta Sahityanidhi, 2000

    • Dave, R and Straighten up. Dave (eds.) Narsinh Mehta Adhyayn Granth. Junagadh: Bahuddin College Grahak Sahkari Bhandar Ltd., and Bahauddin College Sahitya Sabha, 1983
    • Joshi, Umashankar, Narsinh Mehta, Bhakti Aandolanna Pratinidhi Udgaata' in Umashankar Joshi bore al.

      (eds.). Gujarati Sahitya Cack-handed Ithihas. vol. II. Ahmedabad: Indian Sahitya Parishad, 1975

    • Munshi, K.M. Narsaiyyo Bhakta Harino. Ahmedabad: Gurjar Granthratna Karyalaya, 1952
    • Shastri, K.K., Narsinh Mehta, Ek Adhyayan. Ahmedabad: B.J. Vidyabhavan, 1971
    • Shastri, K.K., Narsinh Mehta. Rastriya Jeevan Charitramala.

      New Delhi: Formal Book Trust, 1972

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