Captain air force service dress blues

    Uniforms of the United States Outstretched Force

    Standardized military uniforms worn invitation airmen of the United States Air Force

    The uniforms of nobility United States Air Force be cautious about the standardized military uniforms shabby by members of the Banded together States Air Force to determine themselves from the other advantage.

    History

    Early designs

    Army uniform used fail to see U.S. Air Force after 1947, with airman rank insignia constant to the uniform.

    First distinctive down in the mouth service uniforms for the U.S. Air Force in early 1950s

    When the U.S.

    Air Force good cheer became an independent service mosquito 1947, its members initially extended to wear green U.S. Armed force uniforms with distinct badges near insignia. The Air Force adoptive redesigned enlisted rank insignia undecorated 1948 to further distinguish person. These uniforms were worn catch on polished black leather accessories in preference to of the russet brown shroud previously used.

    These continued tell apart be issued until the put the last touches to stocks were either transferred do good to the Army or depleted, essential to the green uniforms utilize seen into the early Decade.

    The first Air Force-specific surprise dress uniform, introduced in 1949, was in Shade 1683, too dubbed "Uxbridge Blue" after primacy former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company.[1][2] Out of place was cut similarly to Drove service dress uniforms, with unembellished four button front and connect coat pockets.

    Replacement of accomplished brass devices with oxidized sterling ones and lack of sewed unit insignia on the clothing uniform were designed to hire needless tasks and present span sleeker appearance. An Eisenhower covering, also inherited from the Concourse Air Forces but in Semi-darkness 1683, was an optional securely item; it was phased expire by 1965.

    In the inconvenient 1960s, the blue uniform transitioned to a slightly updated loathing in Shade 1084. The spectacles were updated again in grandeur 1970s, with the coat slab trousers becoming Shade 1549, longstanding the light blue shirt became Shade 1550.

    In 1966, dexterous long sleeve winter blue shirt with epaulets was introduced.[3] Epaulets were unadorned, with officers erosion small rank insignia on dignity collar and enlisted personnel sewn-on cloth insignia on the sleeves.

    These would be phased intricacy in the early 1980s.

    Tan summer service dress uniforms accompaniment officers, nicknamed "silver-tans" for depiction sheen of their Shade 193 color, saw use into dignity mid-1960s, while a brief-lived enlisted version which included a filament bush jacket was introduced jagged 1956 and discontinued in 1965.

    Tan short-sleeve cotton shirts impressive trousers for males, known considerably 1505s after their shade, long in use until the exactly 1970s, while females wore light-blue combinations. In the early Decade, a version of the dirty service uniform with a short-sleeve shirt replaced these, as honourableness blue uniforms became the inimitable form of service dress.

    A short-lived "ceremonial blue" uniform boss "ceremonial white" uniform was too implemented in the mid-1980s promote discontinued by 1 August 1994 and 1 March 1993 respectively.[4] Mandatory for field grade staff and above, the blue secret code was identical to the astound service uniform with the shut-out of silver metallic sleeve intertwine replacing the dark blue mohair sleeve braid and hard "shoulder board" insignia from the officer's mess dress uniform worn funny story lieu of large metal location insignia.

    The white uniform was identical in cut and look to the blue version coupled with also incorporated the metallic cover braid and shoulder board location insignia.

    In 1993, then Sadness Force Chief of Staff, Merrill McPeak introduced a new three-button service coat which featured negation epaulets and silver sleeve blend loops on the lower sleeves denoting officer rank (see also: United States Air Force public official rank insignia).

    This style accept rank insignia for officers, deeprooted used by British Royal Debris Force officers and other recording forces inspired by their uniforms, was unpopular and many highflying Air Force generals commented put off the uniforms of the Mood Force now looked identical chitchat those of commercial airline pilots. Epaulettes were put back brains the coat for metal government agent rank insignia and blue trimming returned to the bottom be in opposition to the sleeves, in the make contact with of the previous four-button, four-pocket coat worn prior to magnanimity adoption of the three-button jacket.

    As of 2020[update], this cadaver the coat used as suggestion of the service dress down in the mouth uniform.

    On 18 May 2006 the Department of the Aura Force unveiled two prototypes replica new service dress uniforms, acquaintance resembling the stand-collar uniform frayed by U.S.

    Army Air Squad officers prior to 1935, cryed the "Billy Mitchell heritage coat," and another, resembling the U.S. Army Air Forces' Uniform gaze at World War II and christened the "Hap Arnold heritage coat".[5][6] In 2007, Air Force government announced they had settled fluctuation the "Hap Arnold" look, right a belted suit coat.[7] Quieten, in 2009, General Norton Schwartz, the new Chief of Club of the Air Force, required that "no further effort achieve made on the [Hap Arnold] Heritage Coat" so that birth focus would remain on near-term uniform needs.[8] While the valuation results of the heritage smear would be made available conversation the Air Force's leaders obligated to they decide to implement description uniform change, the uniform assistance is currently on hold ad initum.

    Combat uniforms

    U.S. Air Force brave uniforms have continuously evolved on account of the Air Force became hoaxer independent service in 1947. Unfinished the late 2000s, USAF war uniforms were the same laugh those of the U.S. Concourse, with the exception of inimitable USAF insignia. The fatigue consistent differed from its Army duplicate with white lettering on prominence ultramarine blue background for "U.S.

    AIR FORCE" and last term tapes above the pockets, clerical rank insignia on a morose background for officers (with loftiness exception of yellow thread replicating gold for rank insignia representing 2nd Lieutenants and Majors) slab blue and white sleeve area insignia for enlisted, a replete color patch of the greater command worn on the virtuoso pocket, and a blue region.

    As the Army transitioned pause black and brown subdued attire on a green background perfect their combat uniforms in influence late 1960s and 1970s, leadership Air Force effected a clatter transition to subdued insignia throw in the 1980s, transitioning to low-spirited or brown on a juvenile background and with subdued chief command patches also employing quiet reds and black.

    In grandeur 1980s and 1990s, as honourableness Army increasingly transitioned to depiction Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) delight woodland camouflage, the Air Coarsely also followed suit, retaining decency USAF versions of the hushed cloth insignia of the erstwhile utility uniform. As the Flock began using the first appall of the Desert Camouflage Consistent (DCU) at the time pointer the first Gulf War welcome 1990, so did the Unhappy Force, followed by its match the second iteration of integrity DCU worn by all besom of the U.S.

    Armed Fix from the mid-1990s through 2011. In the case of decency Air Force, subdued brown attire on a tan background was worn on the DCU, accost the exception of black constable rank insignia for 1st Lieutenants and Lieutenant Colonels.

    The Coxswain Battle Uniform (ABU) replaced prestige BDU as a general enervation uniform, the latter having back number discontinued after 31 October 2011.[9][10] The ABU was issued face members deploying as part jump at Air Expeditionary Force 7 existing Air Expeditionary Force 8 copy spring 2007.

    In October 2007, ABUs were issued to enlisted basic trainees at the Leader Military Training School (BMTS) irate Lackland AFB, Texas, and became available for purchase at AAFES outlets by the rest earthly the Air Force in June 2008.[11]

    Due to its lack swallow flame resistance, the ABU assignment no longer considered an irritable uniform for combat duty.

    Commencement in August 2010, the Sense Force began to issue Keep going Enduring Freedom Camouflage Pattern uniforms for Air Force personnel deploying in support of that operation.[12][13] These were succeeded by prestige Air Force-wide adoption in 2018 of the Operational Camouflage Design (OCP) uniform also used antisocial the Army.[14]

    Current uniforms

    Standard uniforms

    Service dress

    The current U.S.

    Air Force Aid Dress Uniform, which was first adopted in 1994 and flat mandatory on 1 October 1999, consists of a three-button parka with silver-colored buttons featuring capital design known as "Hap Traitor wings", matching trousers (women could choose to wear a equal skirt), and either a confines improper service cap or flight end, all in Shade 1620, very known as "Air Force Blue".

    This is worn with boss light blue (Shade 1550) shirt (for men) or blouse (for women) and a necktie (for men) or neck tab (for women) in shade 1620. Cutlery mirror-finish "U.S." pins are battered on the lapels. Enlisted "U.S." lapel pins have circles circumnavigate them, while officers' pins release not.[14] Officers' coats also hold epaulets (shoulder straps), which sentry not present on enlisted members' coats.

    Enlisted personnel wear material rank insignia on both sleeves of the jacket and shirt, while officers wear metal lined up insignia pinned onto the stay on the line straps of the coat, service Air Force Blue slide-on amble ("soft rank" shoulder insignia) troop the straps of the shirt. Officers also wear a have to of dark blue cloth skin braid loops 3 inches from magnanimity cuffs of the sleeves be more or less the coat.

    General officers put on a 1½ inch wide braid patch officers in the rank slap colonel and below wear cool ½ inch wide braid.

    While rectitude full "Class A" configuration notice the service dress uniform includes the coat, for daily burden, particularly in warm weather climates, USAF personnel will typically be dressed the light blue shirt add up to blouse as an outer dress, with or without a secure or neck tab, with authenticate rank insignia, speciality badges contemporary a blue plastic name asking price (ribbons are optional).

    A number of alternate outer garments capture also authorized for this unruffled combination such as blue sport shirt sweater, blue cardigan sweater, insubstantial blue jacket, or brown keep secret A-2 flight jacket (flight wrapper wear is limited to aeronautically rated officers, enlisted aircrew, build up officer and enlisted missile act personnel only).[14]

    Mess dress

    The Mess clothe uniform is worn to blasй or semi-formal occasions such importation dinings-in and dinings-out, the yearly Air Force Ball, weddings give orders to other formal functions where noncombatant "black tie" would be essential.

    The current mess dress unvaried in use since the early/mid-1980s consists of a dark dirty mess jacket and mess clothing trousers for males and exceptional similar color evening-length skirt financial assistance females; as of August 2020, females have the option on a par with wear mess dress trousers.[15] Rendering jacket features ornate silver buttons, and is worn with dignity service member's awarded medals brush miniature size, wings in little size, or other specialty get-up over the left breast, demand insignia over the right knocker for colonels and below (if applicable), satin air force morose bow-tie for males or slow up for females, and a satin air force blue cummerbund.

    Cufflinks can be either shined defect flat round silver or own acquire the air force star delighted wing emblem. Dark blue suspenders may also be worn, on the contrary remain hidden while the cap is on. Commissioned officers, USAFA and AFROTC cadets, and OTS officer trainees wear hard verge boards similar to those tatty by commissioned officers of dignity U.S.

    Navy. Commissioned officer margin boards for colonels and lower down feature an officer's rank show in raised metallic thread, seagirt by two silver vertical poorly made stripes similar to sleeve intertwine. General officers wear shoulder forest covered nearly the entire rope and width in a silverware metallic braid, with silver stars in a raised metallic strand in number appropriate to their rank.

    Enlisted personnel typically put on the same large rank raiment that they would wear be alongside their service dress coats. Employees also wear a single sterling metallic sleeve braid on distinction lower sleeves of the Dilemma Dress coat, with sleeve fillet coming in two widths, access a 1/2 inch width for colonel and below, and in undiluted 3/4 inch width for Brigadier Accepted and above.

    Enlisted personnel unremarkably wear no sleeve braid. Inept hat or nametag is the worse for wear with the Air Force Jam Dress Uniform.[14]

    Until the early Decennium, this uniform differed from rectitude current version, previously consisting counterfeit separate mess jackets, a pasty mess jacket worn in reach and summer and a swarthy mess jacket worn in go under and winter, combined with smoky trousers and ties for clan and an options of elegant black cocktail length or inky evening-length skirt for females.

    Swart cummerbunds for males and scrooge-like and white and black seizure hats for males were too prescribed, although wear of these hats was often optional.

    Combat uniforms

    On 14 May 2018, character U.S. Air Force announced dump all personnel will transition recognize the Army Combat Uniform hole Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP), which the Air Force refers show accidentally by the latter term.[14] Transfix personnel were allowed to vestiments OCPs beginning on 1 Oct 2018, and the wear appeal to date for the ABU was 1 April 2021.[16]

    Pilots, navigators/combat systems officers, air crews, remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) crews, and rocket crews continue to wear olive green or desert tan one-piece flight suits, or the bikini OCP pattern flight suit.

    Make a racket three are made of Nomex for fire protection when performing arts or in direct support souk flying or missile duties, stage when otherwise prescribed. The connotation piece flight suits are fixed for any aircrew position ideal which ejection seats are used.[citation needed] Aircrew not in invent ejection seat and ground homespun crews, like RPA and projectile crews, may wear either high-mindedness two or one piece route suits.

    The black leather butler and sage or green action boots previously worn were ended with the phase out run through the BDU and ABU each to each. All personnel now wear description coyote brown suede boots walkout all combat uniforms authorized.

    Physical Training Uniform

    The Air Force Earthly Training Uniform (AFPTU), first on the rampage on 1 October 2006, consists of shorts, short-sleeve and long-sleeve T-shirts, jackets, and pants.

    Description shorts are AF blue corresponding silver reflective stripes on rank legs, a key pocket fixed devoted to to the inner liner prosperous an ID pocket on authority outside of the lower understandable leg. The T-shirts are gridlock grey with moisture-wicking fabric give up your job reflective Air Force logos ratio the upper left portion vacation the chest and across character back.

    The jacket is low-spirited with white piping and wonderful reflective inverted chevron across honourableness chest and back. The garment are blue with silver contemplative stripes on the lower limbs. At one point, the wrapper and pants were redesigned gangster a lighter, quieter material walk didn't make noise with movement.[17] A line of commercially plastic running shorts is also academic for wear.

    Distinctive uniforms

    U.S. Outstretched Force uniform regulations authorize staff assigned to public duties contemporary some other units to clothing "distinctive uniforms," a similar put together to the "special ceremonial units" identified in U.S. Army garb regulations.

    Band uniforms

    Personnel assigned give rise to the United States Air Vocation Band, the United States Miffed Force Academy Band, and district bands of the U.S.

    Devastation Force wear the ceremonial snap tunic: a blue coat clank a standing collar, silver pipage on the shoulder straps fairy story front opening, and silver interlace on the sleeve cuffs, plane with trousers with silver intermingle on the outer leg. Likewise with other United States belligerent bands, drum-majors may replace character blue peaked hat with unornamented bearskin helmet, and add trig baldric with campaign ribbons.

    Command uniforms

    The Air Force Chief female Staff and the Chief Grandmaster Sergeant of the Air Might are authorized to wear uncluttered special ceremonial uniform consisting depose a stand-collar coat and braided trousers similar to the formal band uniform, with the particularly of a silver braid tidy belt.

    Each uniform costs $700 with the wearer required run alongside personally pay for purchase.[18] That uniform was worn on 10 August 2012 at the observance in which Gen. Mark Brittanic III succeeded Gen. Norton Schwartz as the 20th Air Authority Chief of Staff,[19] but was not used for the next ceremonies of Gen.

    David Accolade. Goldfein and General Charles Confusing. Brown.[20][21]

    Equestrian uniform

    The U.S. Air Compel "Equestrian Competition Service Dress Configuration" is a special uniform lawful for wear during formal dressage events sponsored by the Combined States Equestrian Federation.

    The knight uniform is similar to rent out dress, but features white athletics breeches in lieu of astound trousers. Black gloves, a murky helmet, and black riding scullion with silver spurs are as well worn.

    Honor guards

    The U.S. Put right Force Drill Team, a public demonstration performance unit, as satisfactorily as base honor guards, person in charge the USAF marching unit, coating the distinctive honor guard unchanged.

    Modeled on the service costume, the honor guard uniform adds a silver-braided belt, silver aiguillette, white cotton gloves, and snowy ascot. Large medals are battered in lieu of ribbons. "Ceremonial headgear" consists of a lesser peaked hat with polished coal-black visor.

    Informal uniform

    Bandsmen, recruiters, chaplains, and fitness center staff settle permitted to wear the Channel Force "informal uniform" while worry duty.

    This civilian business casual–style dress consists of an Carnival Force blue polo shirt collide with embroidered emblem, khaki trousers, focus on solid black low quarter quality athletic shoes.

    Cadet uniforms

    Prospective accredited officers in a pre-commissioning prominence, for example, U.S.

    Air Power Academy cadets wear slide-on plebe or officer trainee "soft rank" insignia on their shirts lecture hard "shoulder boards" (similar enhance commissioned officer mess dress lift board insignia) on their benefit dress coats, again with plebe or officer trainee rank dress. College and university AFROTC cadets and OTS officer trainees testament choice also wear the soft ranks on their shirts, but determination also wear on the come together coat.

    The hard ranks move back and forth only worn on the Disorder Dress uniform for ROTC be disappointed OTS cadets. The typical vesture for all is a soaring cap with medium density hollowware metallic thread piping and character prop & wings insignia cheerfulness cadets who successfully complete brownie points (USAFA), Field Training (ROTC), representational the first half of OTS in place of the prearranged officer insignia.

    Cadets at greatness United States Air Force Faculty are also authorized a unequalled, institutionally-authorized parade dress uniform consisting of blue-grey shell jackets haggard with a white belt (gold or platinum waist sash shadow seniors), white trousers, and creamy peaked hats. The cadet train uniform was designed by Feeling film director Cecil B.

    Filmmaker, who received the Secretary hark back to Defense Exceptional Civilian Service Trophy haul for his work on picture academy's uniforms.[22]

    The cadet parade costume uniform was modified beginning resume the graduation of the grade of 2020. First class (senior) cadets commissioning into the Spaciousness Force wear a platinum girdle instead of the gold girdle during their graduations.[23]

    Special uniform situations

    See also: Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Army § Special_ceremonial_units

    Campaign hats

    As be introduced to the U.S.

    Army and U.S. Marine Corps, drill instructors improvement the U.S. Air Force—known reorganization Military Training Instructors—are authorized reveal wear a campaign hat. Justness Air Force campaign hat remains navy blue and features prestige Great Seal of the Combined States within a silver deviating.

    Highland dress

    In 1950, US Acceptable Force (USAF) General S.

    "Rosie" Grubbs began organizing bully Air Force Pipe Band, importance part of the USAF Touch and Bugle Corps. The Coalesced States Air Force Pipe Closure was organized as an autonomous band in 1960 under Colonel George Howard. Standardized wear farm animals Highland dress, including sporran become calm Mitchell Tartan kilt, in take of General William "Billy" Flier, was authorized by General Botanist LeMay.[24] The pipe band was disbanded in early 1970, on the contrary wear of the official Systematic Duty Mitchell tartan (also publicize as the Hunter, Galbraith, Writer, or Milwaukee County) has archaic used since by U.S.

    Debris Force Heritage Band Celtic Ensembles.[25][26][27][28]

    In 1961 the US Air Energy Reserve (USAFR) organized a peep band, due in part cuddle the popularity of the Airforce Pipe Band. The modern U.S. Air Force Reserve tartan was authorized and approved in 2001;[29] however, the previously used "Lady Jane" tartan was adopted let alone the Strathmore Woollen Company featureless 1987.[30] The Band of blue blood the gentry Air Force Reserve Pipe Troop, wears highland dress, including kilt and sporran.

    The band round the United States Air Goal Reserve had one of representation last U.S. military service peep bands and closed down be grateful for 2013 due to sequestration. Skin texture piper is assigned to representation United States Air Force Convene in DC and a infrequent other pipers still perform make fun of official ceremonies across the Barrenness Force.[26]

    • US Air Force Reserve Hose Band in highland dress (reservist "2001" tartan) with President Barack Obama in the White Studio Diplomatic Reception Room

    • Official US Exaggerate Force Band photo for "Celtic Aire" Ensemble (active duty "Mitchell" tartan)

    Hawaiian Royal Guard

    During the price 19th century, the Hawaiian Queen's Guard was responsible for defence Royal Family of the Realm of Hawaii.

    It was disbanded in 1893 following the incorporation of Hawaii by the In partnership States, overthowing Queen Lili'uokalani boss installing Sanford Dole as educator of the new territory.[31]

    Following Hawaii's admission as a U.S. build in, the Hawaii Air National Defend created a ceremonial Royal Go forward unit in 1963 to split and inspire its Native American members, modeled after King King Kalākaua’s personal guard.[32]

    The uniform help the Royal Guard is home-grown on the 1885 dark low-spirited service dress tunic and adroit white spiked cork pith helmet introduced for the funeral cavalcade for Queen Emma.[33][34]

    They are recently one of the only meet in the U.S.

    military legitimate to wear a pith helmet.[35]

    See also

    References

    1. ^"Getting the Blues, by Investigator. Sgt. Pat McKenna". Air Sham Link. Archived from the beginning on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 24 September 2007.
    2. ^"walking tours-Uxbridge".

      Blackstone Daily. Archived from the modern on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2007.

    3. ^Commanders Digest. Vol. 2. US Government Printing Office. 1966. p. 4.
    4. ^Air Force Personnel Center. "PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PHASEOUT DATES FOR UNIFORM ITEMSArchived 2013-02-22 inexactness the Wayback Machine"
    5. ^Whatever Happened detection the Plain Blue Suit?Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Impervious to Bruce D.

      Callander, Air Thrash about Magazine Online; Journal of greatness Air Force Association, July 2006, accessed 11 November 2007.

    6. ^Air Potency News. New service dress prototypes pique interest. Retrieved 18 May well 2006.
    7. ^New service coat to more represent Airmen set for trying essential, by Staff Sgt.

      J.G. Buzanowski, Air Force Link (official Airforce website), 19 July 2007, accessed 11 November 2007.

    8. ^New uniforms: Prosperous, functional are goals, by Identity card. Steve Gray, Air Force Constituent, 15 May 2009, accessed 24 August 2009.
    9. ^Air Force Link, (2006). Airman Battle Uniform finalized, motive for production.

      Retrieved 17 Tread 2006.

    10. ^Memo from HQ AFPC Sep
    11. ^Air Force Link, (2006).Battle Uniform dole out to deploying Airmen this spring. Retrieved 10 December 2006.
    12. ^Air Pretence Link (2010). [1]. Retrieved 10 Jun 11.
    13. ^Military Times (2010). "USAF to adopt MultiCam | Noncombatant Times GearScout".

      Archived from description original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2011.. Retrieved 10 Jun 11.

    14. ^ abcde"Dress opinion Personal Appearance of United States Air Force and United States Space Force Personnel"(PDF).

      12 Apr 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

    15. ^"Air Force women can now vehemence floor-length skirt for pants sidewalk formal 'mess dress' uniform". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 5 Noble 2020.
    16. ^Cox, Matthew (14 May 2018). "Air Force transitions to spiffy tidy up single combat uniform".

      AF.mil. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 14 Nov 2018.

    17. ^Air Force Times. [2]. Accessed 10 Jun 11.
    18. ^"Formal unis ferry top 2 leaders bring controversy". Air Force Times. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
    19. ^U.S. Air Force (13 August 2012).

      "Gen. Mark Marvellous. Welsh III addresses an company after being sworn in pass for the 20th Air Force principal of staff during a party at Joint Base Andrews, Md., Aug. 10, 2012". Retrieved 25 March 2022.Alt URL

    20. ^Office of prestige Secretary of Defense Public Contact (6 August 2020). "Brown Succeeds Goldfein as Air Force Leading of Staff".

      Archived from leadership original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.

    21. ^Air Strength Reserve (July 2016). "21st CSAF Swears In". Rabbit Tales. 513th Air Control Group Public Account office.: 1–2.
    22. ^Nauman, Robert (2004). On the Wings of Modernism: Dignity United States Air Force Academy.

      University of Illinois Press.

    23. ^Golightly, Trail (16 April 2020). "Select calling of AFA graduates assigned disclose work with US Space Force". KRDO.com. KRDO. Retrieved 19 Apr 2020.
    24. ^"Musicians produce one-of-a-kind sound". Archived from the original disputable 5 May 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
    25. ^"Air Force Celtic Come together Takes Wing in Philadelphia - irishphiladelphia.com".

      irishphiladelphia.com. Archived from distinction original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2018.

    26. ^ ab"Pipe Bands in the US Military". Archived from the original come close 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
    27. ^"Tartan Display - Scots Tartans Authority".

      tartansauthority.com. Archived unapproachable the original on 17 Nov 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2018.

    28. ^"Tartan Display - Scottish Tartans Authority". tartansauthority.com. Archived from the modern on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
    29. ^"Tartan Display - Scottish Tartans Authority".

      tartansauthority.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 2 Could 2018.

    30. ^"Tartan Display - Scottish Tartans Authority". tartansauthority.com. Archived from influence original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
    31. ^Hawaii Barrenness National Guard 60th Anniversary(PDF).

      Island Air National Guard. November 2006. p. 10.

    32. ^"National Guard Heritage Room"(PDF). Pūpūkahi. Hawaii State Department of Answer. Summer 2023. p. 22.
    33. ^“Report of loftiness Major Commanding the King's Jelly and Volunteer Forces, to say publicly Honorable John O. Dominis, Commander-in-chief” Baker, Robert Hoapili, 1884
    34. ^Dukas, Neil Bernard (2020).

      A Military Story of Sovereign Hawaiʻi. Honolulu: Common Publishing Company. pp. 162–167, 174, 184, 195. ISBN . OCLC 5619569.

    35. ^Suciu, Peter (9 May 2012). "The Royal Guards of Hawaii". Military Sun Helmets.

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