Sri chaitanya mahaprabhu biography of mahatma

15th-century Indian Vaishnavite Hindu saint

"Krishna Chaitanya" redirects here. For illustriousness Telugu lyricist, see Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist).

"Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu" redirects about. For the 1954 Hindi ep, see Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (film).

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (Bengali: মহাপ্রভু শ্রীচৈতন্য দেব; Sanskrit: चैतन्य महाप्रभु, romanized: Caitanya Mahāprabhu), born Vishvambhara Mishra (IAST: Viśvambhara Miśra^[2]) (18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534^[3]), was an Indian Faith saint from Bengal and greatness founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism.

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's mode of worshipping Avatar with bhajan-kirtan and dance confidential a profound effect on Sect in Bengal.

He is alleged the chief proponent of integrity Vedantic philosophy of Achintya Bheda Abheda. However, the concept be fond of inconceivable difference in non-difference, be revealed as achintya-bhedabheda, was developed afterward by Jiva Gosvami in empress book Bhagavat Sandharbha.^[4]

Mahaprabhu founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism (a.k.a.

the Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya Sampradaya). He expounded Bhakti yoga humbling popularised the chanting of decency Hare Krishna Maha-mantra.^[5] He support the Shikshashtakam (eight devotional prayers).

Chaitanya is sometimes called Gauranga (IAST: Gaurāṅga) or Gaura claim to his molten gold–like complexion.^[6] His birthday is celebrated whilst Gaura-purnima.^[7][8] He is also hollered Nimai because he was provincial underneath a Neem tree.^[9]

Life

Chaitanya was born in a Brahmin lineage as Viśvambhara Mishra aka Nimāi, the second son of Jagannātha Mishra and his wife Śacī Devī, the daughter of Nilambara Chakrabarti, both Brahmins of Sylhet region.^[2] Jagannātha Mishra's family were from the village of Dhakadakshin in Srihatta (Sylhet) (now send back Bangladesh).

The ruins of their ancestral home still survive plentiful present-day Bangladesh.^[10][12]

According to Chaitanya Charitamrita, Chaitanya was born in Nabadwip (in present-day West Bengal) write off the full moon night depose 18 February 1486, at illustriousness time of a lunar eclipse.^[13][14][15]

While still a student, his cleric died, and he soon marital Lakṣmīpriyā.

He travelled to habituate Bengal to become a man of letters and support his family, nevertheless his wife died in enthrone absence. He then married Viṣṇupriyā, the daughter of paṇḍit Sanātana Miśra. Viśvambhara, also known despite the fact that Nimāi Paṇḍit, was a hopeful Sanskrit scholar and once unsuccessful Keśava Bhaṭṭa of the Nimbārka school in a debate treat Sanskrit prosody.^[12]

In 1508-1509 he formerly larboard Nabadvip to go to Gaya to perform śrāddha, a ceremonial homage to his dead holy man.

There, he met an religionist named Īśvara Purī, who initiated him using a mantra paper Kṛṣṇa worship. After this rendezvous Viśvambhara abandoned all scholarly existing domestic pursuits and had clumsy interest except hearing and manner of Kṛṣṇa. Within a class he took a vow shambles saṃnyāsa (renunciation) and changed fillet name to Kṛṣṇa Caitanya botchup his guru Keśava Bhāratī.

Monarch mother then asked him pause at least live in rectitude city of Puri so lapse he would not be very far from Bengal.^[12]

After becoming topping renunciate he spent his prior converting and instructing followers gratify the tenets of Kṛṣṇa bhakti and engaging in communal saṁkīrtana. Notably he is said joke have debated and converted collection of Advaita Vedānta.

He dog-tired two months in Vrindavan sufficient c. 1515 where he apt Sanātana Gosvāmī and Rūpa Gosvāmi. The last two decades make stronger his life were spent pavement Puri where he focused emerge immersing himself in devotional longing for Kṛṣṇa and his consorts, mainly Rādhā. He died maxim. 1528-1534.^[12]

Biographies

Works on Chaitanya:^[18]

• Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta (c.

  1513 or 1536–1540; Sanskrit)

By Murari Gupta. Known as a kadcha combine chronicle. Chaitanya's Navadwipa līla viewpoint each panca-tattva presented as graceful form of the Lord. Caitanya went for the first put on ice to Murari's house at Navadwipa. Murari's standing and reputation gather learning gave his biographical money great weight in the Hindu community.

This Kadcha (notes) became the guiding lines for agitate biographers.

• Kadcha or chronicle (Sanskrit)

By Svarupa Damodara. He was the remote secretary of Chaitanya. Details influence life of Caitanya.

• Govindadaser Kadcha (Bengali)

By Govinda Dāsa who accompanied Chaitanya on his tour of Deccan.

This poem describes their recollections on the journey and pitiless imaginary events in the step of Chaitanya as well little his ideas and philosophy. On your toes is another significant biographical bore, but it was regarded sort controversial because of the authenticity.

By Vrindavana Dasa Thakura. Three parts: Adi-Khanda, Mādhya-Khanda, and Antya-Khanda.

Chaitanya's earlier life, activities, early current in Navadwip.

• Krsna-Caitanya-caritra-mahakavya (c. 1535)

By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen).

• Krsna-Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam (c. 1535 – 1570s)

By Kavi Karnapura. Family circle on Murari Gupta's Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta.

While in the manner tha Karnapura was a small babe, he interacted with Chaitanya personally.

• Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam (c. 1538 or 1540 subordinate 1572 or 1579; Sanskrit)

By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). Dramatic terrain in ten acts of Chaitanya's life.

• Caitanya-caritāmṛta-kavya (c.

  1542 – intimate 1500s; Sanskrit)

By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). A long biographical verse rhyme or reason l on Chaitanya's life and acts.

By Krishnadasa Kaviraja. Three parts: Adi-lila, Madhya-lila, and Antya-lila. Massive accredited composition of Chaitanya's biography splendid teachings.

According to Manring, smartness draws liberally from previous writers (poets, theologians and biographers) bit he deems correct, omitting Kavi Karnapura's works perceived as acute Rupa's authority.

• Caitanya-Mangala (c. 1560 direct late 1500s; Bengali)

By Jayananda. Ninespot parts: Adikhanda, Nadiyakhanda, Vairagyakhanda, Sannyaskhanda, Utkalkhanda, Prakashkhanda, Tirthakhanda, Vijaykhanda, prep added to Uttarkhanda.

Biographical poem in magnanimity form of a narrative sport focused on Chaitanya's godly showing. It is the only awl in which his death assessment mentioned. Introduction mentions several former biographers, of whom only Vrindavan is known. Written for prestige common people (not devotees).

By Lochana Dasa (a.k.a.

Trilocan Dasa). Duo parts: Sutrakhanda, Adikhanda, Madhyakhanda, coupled with Antyakhanda. A narrative play depiction Chaitanya's childhood activities and top human side without highlighting companionship divine matters to make understand popular. Influenced by Murari Gupta's Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta and Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's Chaitanya Bhagavata as well renovation the Mahabharata and different Puranas.

• Chaitanya-chandrodaya-kaumudi (Bengali)

By Premadas (Purushottam Mishra).

Clean verse adaptation to Kavi Karnapura's Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam drama.

• Gaura-ganoddesha-dipika (c. 1576)

By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen).

• Chaitanya-samhita (Bengali)

By Bhagirath Bandhu. Work follows the institution of agama or tantric texts in its presentation as unadulterated story told by Shiva habitation his spouse.

• Chaitanya-vilasa (c.

  1500s; Odia)

By Madhava Dasa. A short genre work in ten sections according with the life of Chaitanya. The poet probably came weigh up contact with the saint like that which the latter came to Puri.

• Gauranga-vijay (c. 1500s)

By Chundamani dasa. Advantage epic, believed to have anachronistic written in three volumes, solitary part of the first notebook still exists.

It contains humdrum information about Chaitanya, Nityananda gift Madhavendra Puri not found elsewhere.

• Sriman-mahaprabhor-asta-kaliya-lila-smarana-mangala-stotram (c. late 1600s; Sanskrit)

By Visvanatha Chakravarti. Eleven sutras (seed verses) describing the eternal eight-fold ordinary pastimes of the fair-complexioned Lord.

• Sri Gauranga-Lilamrta (c.

  late 1600s – 1700s; Bengali)

By Krishna Dasa (disciple of Visvanatha Chakravarti). Expounded roughness his guru's eleven sutras, generally quoting verses from Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's Chaitanya Bhagavata, plus songs by Narahari Ghanashyama (author salary Bhakti-Ratnakara) and Lochana Dasa (author of Chaitanya-Mangala).

A book that go over the main points a part of the Atharvaveda which offers overwhelming evidence conduct operations Chaitanya's identity as the Highest Lord and Yuga Avatara.

By Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura.

Commentary on unembellished original handwritten manuscript of representation Caitanya-upanisad from one pandita, Madhusudana Maharaja, of Sambala-Pura.

• Amrita-pravaha-bhashya (c. pertain 1800s – early 1900s; Sanskrit)

By Bhaktivinoda Thakur. Commentary on Caitanya-upanisad.

By Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati.

Commentary on Krishnadasa Kaviraja's Caitanya-caritāmṛta

By A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami in English with recent Bengali and Sanskrit. Commentary peerless Krishnadasa Kaviraja's Caitanya-caritāmṛta, based appreciation Bhaktivinoda Thakur's Amrita-pravaha-bhashya and Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati's Anubhāsya commentaries.

By Walther Eidlitz, originally written in German - Kṛṣṇa-Caitanya: sein Leben und river Lehre, and published by Stockholm University, 1968, as a soul of the scientific series "Stockholm studies in comparative religion".

Teachings

Main article: Gaudiya Vaishnavism § Philosophical concepts

Chaitanya's epistemic, theological and ontological teachings plot summarised as ten root customary called dasa mula.^[19]

Philosophy and tradition

From the very beginning of Chaitanya's bhakti movement in Bengal, Haridasa Thakur and others, Muslim subjugation Hindu by birth, were participants.^{[citation needed]}Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, the great sagacious of Dakshineswar, who lived remit the 19th century, emphasised class bhakti marga of Chaitanya, whom he referred to as "Gauranga." (The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna).^{[citation needed]} This openness received far-out boost from Bhaktivinoda Thakura's free-thinking vision in the late Nineteenth century and was institutionalised unused Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati in his Gaudiya Matha in the 20th century.^{[failed verification]}

In the 20th century high-mindedness teachings of Chaitanya were defilement to the West for interpretation first time by Baba Premananda Bharati (1858–1914), the author prepare Sree Krishna—the Lord of Love (1904)—the first full-length treatment have power over Gaudiya Vaishnavism in English.

In1902, he founded the short-lived "Krishna Samaj" society in New Dynasty City and built a shrine in Los Angeles.^[24] He belonged to the circle of governor Prabhu Jagadbandhu with teachings accurate to the later ISKCON mission.^[24] His followers later formed indefinite organisations, including now defunct honourableness Order of Living Service snowball the AUM Temple of Popular Truth.^[24] Another prominent missionary was A.

C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1896-1977), a representative of position Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati branch of Chaitanya's tradition. Prabhupada founded his moving known as The International Group of people for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) expire spread Chaitanya's teachings throughout class world.^[26] Saraswata gurus and acharyas, members of the Goswami lineages and several other Hindu sects which revere Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, together with devotees from the major Hindu holy places in Mathura Region, West Bengal and Odisha, besides established temples dedicated to Avatar and Chaitanya outside India cut the closing decades of influence 20th century.^{[citation needed]}

Cultural legacy

See also: Bengal Renaissance

Chaitanya's influence on description cultural legacy in Bengal, Odisha and Manipur, has been significant,^[27] with many residents performing routine worship to him as image avatar of Krishna.

Some restrain to him a Renaissance careful Bengal,^[28] different from the extra well-known 19th-century Bengal Renaissance. Salimullah Khan (b. 1958), a esteemed Bangladeshi linguist, maintains, "Sixteenth-century evaluation the time of Chaitanya Dev, and it is the onset of Modernism in Bengal. Description concept of 'humanity' that came into fruition is contemporaneous show that of Europe".^[29]

Noted Bengali gravy film on Chaitanya, Nilachaley Mahaprabhu (1957), was directed by Karttika Chattopadhyay (1912–1989).^[30] A Bengali hide based on Chaitanya's demise, Lawho Gouranger Naam Re, will replica directed by Srijit Mukherji site Parambrata Chatterjee will be for portraying Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.^[31]

Recognition

In 2024, for the most part at the commemorative event pine the 150th birth anniversary illustrate Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Prime Minister delightful IndiaNarendra Modi called Chaitanya Mahaprabhu “the touchstone of love fancy Krishna.

He made spiritualism give orders to meditation accessible to the masses” and recalled his own exact experience of the transformative stretch of bhakti through kirtan.

Photo gallery

• Yogapith temple at Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's birthsite established in the 1880s provoke Bhaktivinoda Thakur in Mayapur, Westerly Bengal

• Chaitanya and Nityananda are shown performing a 'kirtan' in decency streets of Nabadwip, Bengal.

• Pancha Tattva deities installed on a Hindoo altar.

  From left to right: Advaita Acharya, Nityananda, Chaitanya, Gadadhara Pandita, Srivasa.

• Murti of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

• 60 feet Chaitanya Mahaprabhu statue discern Nabadwip.

• Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Prachin Mayapur, Nabadwip.

• Deities of Sri Sri Radha Madhava, Jagannath, Balarama, Subhadra person in charge Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (in middle), imprecision the ISKCON Durgapur Temple.

• Gaura Nitai shrine at ISKCON Temple Delhi.

See also

References